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Guild Will Honor Pioneer Black Film Director

Citation:

Friendly, David T. "Guild Will Honor Pioneer Black Film Director" Los Angeles Times 17 May 1986, natl.

Content and Relevance of Work:

David T. Friendly's article, "Guild Will Honor Pioneer Black Film Director", ran in the Los Angeles Times on the 17^th of May, 1986. The point of the article was to report a recent development in the film industry: the Directors Guild of America would be presenting Micheaux with a lifetime achievement award for his work as a prolific director. The article continues by pointing out that up until this point little if any attention had been devoted by film scholars to Micheaux's achievements as a director. Thus, the rest of the article is Friendly's attempt to clarify Micheaux's work and place in history for the uninformed reader. Friendly's presentation of Micheaux's place in history proves helpful in understanding whether or not Micheaux was truly racist against his own kind. The article paints a picture of Micheaux as a proud black who created films to counter white, racist stereotypes. Friendly even uses Body and Soul as an example of a film, like all of Micheaux's films, that was "warmly received by black audiences." He also points out how Micheaux's films always portray the black man as the hero who comes out on top. Micheaux is also applauded in the article for creating films that countered white Hollywood in their respective casts; Micheaux used light-skinned black actors to play white characters whereas white Hollywood painted white actors to play black characters. The article presents Micheaux as a symbol of black pride and a proponent of black rights. Thus, Friendly's interpretation of Micheaux's films such as Body and Soul is that he was anything but racist against his own kind and actually presented positive images of blacks for black audiences to emulate. This article is very useful for our investigation but also lacks the depth required to understand Micheaux's reason for using negative images of blacks in Body and Soul. In fact, Friendly does not acknowledge Micheaux's negative representations of blacks at all.

Library PressDisplay (NewspaperDirect)

Library PressDisplay (NewspaperDirect)
The last 60 days of 225 newspapers from 55 countries.

NewsBank National Newspapers

NewsBank National Newspapers
Searchable fulltext of nearly 500 U.S. national, regional, and local newspapers. Coverage for current issues (i.e., yesterday in most cases) with extensive backfiles. Business and Management, Communication, Education, Philadelphia Studies, Political Science, Public Policy and Administration, Science and Engineering, Social Sciences, Sociology, Urban Studies.
Holdings: Varies with title, 1970s or more recent to present.

Newsbank National Newspapers

LexisNexis Academic

Newspapers Direct

Pennsylvania Gazette, 1728-1800

American Periodicals Series Online 1740-1900

Includes digitized images of the pages of 1,100 American magazines and journals published from colonial days to the dawn of the 20th century.

Philadelphia Business Journal

Lippincott Library Microforms: Film cont. 110], Mar. 29, 1982 to Sept. 23, 1984.
[Lippincott Library Microforms: Business Collection], Nov. 19, 1984 to Aug. 18, 1995
[Lippincott Library Current Periodicals], latest 2 years.

Philadelphia Tribune

Full text archive of Phila Tribune (1991-present) are in Ethnic Newswatch.

[Van Pelt Library Microforms: News 487], 1912 to present.

[Van Pelt Library Current Periodicals Desk], latest 2 months

Philadelphia Inquirer (1981-present) Newsbank

Searchable fulltext of the Philadelphia Inquirer. Images, advertisements, and classified ads are not provided

[Van Pelt Library Microfilms: News 61], 1861 to present.

[Van Pelt Library Current Periodicals: recent issues].

Local News

17th-18th Century Burney Collection

British newspapers from the 17th and 18th century online.

Early American Newspapers, 1690-1900

Large collection of American newspapers online.

Alt-Press Watch

Includes the City Paper (2001-present) and the Philadelphia Weekly (2002-present) among hundreds of other alternative news weeklies.

Philadelphia Daily News (1978-Current) Newsbank

Searchable fulltext of the Philadelphia Daily News, 1978-present (i.e., yesterday). Images, advertisements, and classified ads are not provided.

Daily Pennsylvanian

University of Pennsylvania's independent student newspaper, third-largest daily newspaper circulation in Philadelphia. Searchable archive from April 1990 to present.

Factiva

Factiva is a full-text online service that provides access to sources of national and international news, business, health and general information. News sources include newspapers magazines, media transcripts, wire services, pictures and WEB sites. In addition, FACTIVA provides access to several financial databases. FACTIVA covers 8,000 sources in 22 languages. FACTIVA is a joint venture between Dow Jones and Reuters.
Holdings: Dates vary. Most publications begin in the late 1980's or early 1990's

NewsBank National Newspapers

Searchable fulltext of nearly 500 U.S. national, regional, and local newspapers. Coverage for current issues (i.e., yesterday in most cases) with extensive backfiles. Business and Management, Communication, Education, Philadelphia Studies, Political Science, Public Policy and Administration, Science and Engineering, Social Sciences, Sociology, Urban Studies.
Holdings: Varies with title, 1970s or more recent to present.

LexisNexis Academic

Access to full-text national and international newspapers , including the New York Times, and the Times of London business and accounting information, biographical data, and some selected legal materials. News sources also include magazines, broadcast transcripts, and wire services. Among the document sources included are the U.S. Code and Federal Case Law, state codes and case law, and U.S. patents.

Note that many Congressional publications including bills and laws, the Congressional Record, the Federal Register and campaign finance and voting record data which were previously available in LEXIS/NEXIS are now accessible through a companion database, Congressional Universe.

Philadelphia Gay News :: Your Source For Gay News

philly.com: Philadelphia local news, sports, jobs, cars, homes

philadelphia weekly online - philadelphia's source for dining, real estate, art, music and alternative news

25 Years of Independent Journalism :: Philadelphia City Paper :: Philadelphia Arts, Restaurants, Music, Movies, Jobs, Classifieds, Blogs

LexisNexis Academic

LexisNexis Academic
Access to full-text national and international newspapers , including the New York Times, and the Times of London business and accounting information, biographical data, and some selected legal materials. News sources also include magazines, broadcast transcripts, and wire services. Among the document sources included are the U.S. Code and Federal Case Law, state codes and case law, and U.S. patents.

Jewish Exponent

Jewish Exponent
users must register for access to full text

Forward (English Edition)

Non-English Language Newspapers in Translation

Contemporary Newspapers Online

CRL Foreign Newspapers Database

Finding Newspapers at Penn - Research Guide

City paper.

City paper. [0733-6349] [Philadelphia, Pa. : City Communications, Inc.
Call#: -

Philadelphia tribune [microform].

Philadelphia tribune [microform]. [0746-956X ] Philadelphia [Pa.] : C.J. Perry, 1884-
Call#: Microfilm news 407

Daily Pennsylvanian [microform].

Daily Pennsylvanian [microform].Philadelphia, Pa. : University of Pennsylvania, 1885-
Call#: Microfilm news 20

Moving picture world [microform].

Moving picture world [microform]. New York : Chalmers Pub. Co., 1907-1927.
Call#: Microfilm cont 761

LOOKING FOR LIGHT.

"LOOKING FOR LIGHT." Columbia journalism review [0010-194X] 44.6 (2006). 24-.

FBI Newspaper Articles Archive

Audit Bureau of Circulations - Free Reports

Reader profiles include detailed descriptions of reader demographics and circulation areas for US newspapers.

Underground newspaper collection [microform].

Underground newspaper collection [microform]. Wooster, Ohio, Micro Photo Division, Bell and Howell and the Underground Press Syndicate. Call#: Microfilm news 270. Listing of contents available in Van Pelt Reference Stacks at AI3.U54.

Alternative Press Index

Indexes over 250 alternative, radical and left periodicals, newspapers and magazines. Includes selected abstracts from research journals. Holdings: 1991 to present

Alt-PressWatch

Full-text database of newspapers, magazines, and journals from alternative and independent presses.

New York Times TimesSelect content available for Penn Community

note on how to find times select content via lexisnexis and/or factiva

Media Economics, Theory and Practice

This is a very good introduction to both economics and each of the major media industries, namely the Daily Newspaper Industry, Book and Magazine (Print) Industry, the Broadcast Networks, the Cable Industry, Hollywood, Radio, the Recording Industry, the Advertising industry and burgeoning Online Media.

This volume defines all important introductory economic concepts and terms. It explains why most mergers are unsuccessful (pages 14, 22, 38, 82 and 234), why joint ventures are so common and profitable (page 40), and all of the individual revenue streams of each of the different mediums listed above. This volume is accessible and very interesting. Moreover, when read in conjunction with Baker’s two books, it helps illuminate some of his points, specifically how conglomerates can be in the best interest for consumers in some ways while simultaneously detrimental to them as well. Namely this book gives a fair description of the state of the industry and allows one to draw his/her own conclusions. It portrays the situation without making overtly normative judgments.

Questions, Answers on Newspaper Business - Forbes.com

This article talks about job cuts at the Tribune Company’s papers. More broadly, it outlines the problems currently facing the aging media companies and how they are reacting to new challenges and market pressures. Perhaps one of the most interesting issues that this article brings up (written in the form of a dialogue) is the fact that even though newspapers are profitable, and their profits generally continue to grow, since they are seen as ultimately on headed towards demise, investors are not flocking to them. Rather, they head towards internet and other new media sectors, which they see as ultimately taking the place (financially, if not socially) of newspapers. The article, however, doubts that newspapers are own their way out.

Does Anyone Want to Buy a Newspaper? - New York Times

This article is very informative on the workings of the newspaper industry. It mentions that what distinguishes Knight Ridder from other newspaper companies is that the founding family does not retain control through supervoting stock, as is the case at companies such as The New York Times, Belo, and McClatchy. According to the article, many Wall Street analysts believe that print newspapers are slowly dying, under relentless pressure from new media companies such as Google, which offer advertisers more efficient and cost effective ways of reaching their target audiences. The article also alludes to the pressures that Wall Street puts on newspapers to cut costs; for some editors within the position, this has been anathema to them, for they argue that news content will surely suffer if given fewer resources. This is the standard problem for publicly traded media companies: those in charge of business operations want to maximize profit, whereas those in charge of editorial content want to great the best product possible.

The New Media Monopoly

Bagdikian works to expose the monopolistic practices of the media industry. He specifically focuses on the big five (Time Warner, Disney, Bertelsmann, News Corporation, Viacom) and how they act together like an oligopoly or cartel. One of the main issues is that they work together on joint projects that prevent them from being true competitors.

He also looks at the monopolies in other media areas, specifically newspapers. He examines the ways in which newspapers are run without true competition in local markets and the self-censoring effects of advertising (for a more in-depth analysis, I recommend Professor Baker’s books).

Another problem that becomes apparent is the conglomerate nature of these corporations and the fact that advertisers and interest groups can leverage their power against one facet of the conglomerate to create change in another (boycott ads in one periodical to protest an article in another in which the advertiser does not place its ads).

This book certainly has a liberal tilt and does not necessarily take into account the weakness of his argument or the opposing side’s objections. Compared to Professor Baker’s books, its analysis is a bit superficial, although this book is a rather easy read and good introduction to the issues that other critics examine in greater detail.

Advertising and a Democratic Press

Baker takes certain ideas touched upon in Bagdikian’s book, The (New) Media Monopoly and analyses them in much greater depth (Bagdikian has published many versions of his book, the first of which appeared when there were 50 major players in the media business… there are now only 5). He uses economic analysis to determine the efficiency of the current system (or lack thereof), and makes various policy arguments for remedying the current problem within our press. The structure is as follows: he illustrates the problem, proves it economically, introduces a policy proposal, compares it to programs implemented around the world, and then discusses the constitutionality of going forward with his recommendations.

Implicit throughout his book is that the media serves a distinct role in society and that given the current influence that advertisers can exercise, they prevent the media from fulfilling the needs of a democratic society. This idea is developed in greater depth in his book Media Markets and Democracy where he analyses a democratic society’s requirements of its press according to 4 different theories of democracy. He values diversity and that the media should work harder to meet the desires of its readers through content rather than from its advertisers by delivering the right readers.

Another key point of Baker’s argument is that advertising disproportionately hurts the poor. He points to the example of an English newspaper that had larger circulation than the other major newspapers combined, but not withstanding this fact, because the newspaper was read by people without a substantial disposable income, there were few (if any) advertisers who would subsidize the paper. Thus, the paper had to be profitable with only subscription revenues, and it eventually failed. Baker gives the case study and then explains why this is so on theoretical grounds and that this phenomenon most likely occurs rather often—advertisers seek a wealthy audience, and thus media products are disproportionately catered to their tastes, in terms of political leanings, interest pieces, and other editorial content.

Lastly, another interesting argument is that “objective” news in the sense that we currently read it has some insidious consequences, insofar as it removes (or tends to) partisanship and controversy from public discussion and mass media. Though this may not seem accurate with regards to magazines, when reading mainstream newspapers and news outlets (notwithstanding Fox News), this certainly seems like a rather valid argument.