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    Section 801 of the Copyright Act determines the appointments and functions of the Copyright Royalty Judges. Section 801b is most important and determines the function of the Copyright Royalty Judges. The 801b standard of the Copyright Act is the standard that the Internet Radio Equality Act proposes. It is used for determining rates for satellite radio and digital cable radio. The 801b standard takes into account the relative value of the copyright work to the public, and it also considers a fair return to both the copyright owner and user. The judges must determine and adjust royalties with the following objectives:
1)    Maximize the availability of creative works to the public.
2)    Set a rate that gives the copyright owner a fair return for his/her work and allows the user a fair income given the economic conditions
3)    Reflect the relative contribution of the copyright owner and user with respect to creativity, technology, and the market.
4)    Minimize any disruptive impact on the industries involved.
     This source explains the standard for royalty rates that my paper will argue is a better model for both the copyright owners and users. The Copyright Royalty Judges implemented a willing buyer/willing seller standard, which Pandora and other webcasters believe is ineffective and unfair. The 801b standard was used before the new royalty board decision and has proven successful until now. This source is concise, but it contains essential information necessary for my paper to argue that the royalty ruling was based on an unfair and unequal standard.

Music has a range of different functions in different cultures

Nettl, Bruno, 1930- . Study of ethnomusicology : thirty-one issues and concepts / Bruno Nettl. New ed. 0252030338 (cloth : alk. paper) series Urbana : University of Illinois Press, c2005.
Call#: Van Pelt Library ML3798 .N47 2005


belongs to Towards a biocultural musicology project
tagged culture function music universals by ncrimes ...on 01-OCT-08
Music has a range of functions in different cultures

. Worlds of music : an introduction to the music of the world's peoples / Jeff Todd Titon, general editor. 4th ed. 0534591035 series Belmont, Calif. : Schirmer/Thomson Learning, 2001, c2002.
Call#: Van Pelt Library ML3545 .W67 2002
Call#: Van Pelt Library ML3545 .W67 2002


belongs to Towards a biocultural musicology project
tagged culture function music universals by ncrimes ...on 01-OCT-08
"Music fulfils a wide range of functions in different societies, in entertainment, ritual, healing and in the maintenance of social and natural order" (1:Cross 2008)

"music and language" Annual review of anthropology [0084-6570]