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IBM (NYSE: IBM) today announced the successful completion of a pilot test on traffic prediction in Singapore's Central Business District.
Using historical traffic data and real-time traffic input from the Singapore Land Transport Authority (LTA)'s i-Transport system, IBM's Traffic Prediction Tool predicted traffic flows over pre-set durations (10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes). Overall prediction results were well above the target accuracy of 85 percent. With these predictions, LTA's traffic controllers will be able to anticipate and better manage the flow of traffic to prevent the build-up of congestion.
At a global level, this innovative use of technology represents another option in the response to the complexity of mega-urban congestion, especially in the developing world.
While infrastructure growth is required in many cities, it cannot be the only solution to congestion given the significant budgetary, social and environmental costs. IBM believes innovation can and needs to be applied to the challenge of mega-urban congestion. For example, technologies such as the Traffic Prediction Tool enable more intelligent use of a city's existing infrastructure.
The Traffic Prediction Tool was developed by IBM Research. The pilot was supported by a global IBM team, with resources from Singapore, the UK and the USA, working closely with a team from the LTA. The pilot took place from December 2006 to April 2007.
Both speed and volume predictions covering the Central Business District were above the target accuracy of 85 percent. In addition, during peak periods where more real-time data was available, the average accuracy of the volume forecasts on the District was near or above 90 percent from 10-minutes all the way to the predictions 60-minutes into the future.
Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Claude Comtois and Brian Slack, New York: Routledge, 284 pages. ISBN 0-415-35441-2
Detailed Table of Contents
Chapters
1) Transportation and Geography
2) Transportation Systems and Networks
3) Transportation Modes
4) Transport Terminals
5) International and Regional Transportation
6) Urban Transportation
7) Economic and Spatial Structure of Transport Systems
8) Transport and Environment
9) Transport Planning and Pol
icies Conclusion: Issues and Challenges in Transport Geography
DOI: 10.1177/0739456X9301200302
© 1993 Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning
Locational Models, Geographic Information and Planning Support Systems
Britton Harris
Michael Batty
Geographic information systems (GIS) are becoming widespread in management and planning, affecting the very organization and operation of the planning process itself. In this paper we address the problems and potential of such systems, particularly in relation to the analytical, predictive, and prescriptive models on which strategic planning processes are based. Current GIS are not rooted in the sorts of functions which drive these processes and here we will identify the difficulties and possibilities for developing more appropriate GIS which are sensitive to the simulation, optimization, and design activities which define spatial planning. To this end we will describe the development of planning support systems (PSS) in which a wide array of data, information, and knowledge might be structured, and within which GIS develop ment must take place. We will identify the sorts of urban system and locational models which characterize strategic planning and whose data-demands might be accommodated using GIS. Our critique of GIS is positive and constructive in that we are concerned to embed GIS into planning processes in the most appropriate way. In conclusion we will identify a series of requirements which PSS must meet.
Metropolitan areas have come under intense pressure to respond to federal mandates to link planning of land use, transportation and environmental quality; and from citizen concerns about managing the side effects of growth such as sprawl, congestion, housing affordability and loss of open space. The planning models used by metropolitan planning organizations are generally not designed to address these issues, creating a gap in the ability of planners to systematically assess them. UrbanSim is a new model system that was developed to respond to these emerging requirements and is now been applied in three metropolitan areas. This article describes the model system and is application to Eugene-Springfield, Oregon.
VISUM is a comprehensive, flexible software system for transportation planning, travel demand modeling and network data management. VISUM is used on all continents for metropolitan, regional, statewide and national planning applications.
Designed for multimodal analysis, VISUM integrates all relevant modes of transportation (i.e., car, car passenger, truck, bus, train, pedestrians and bicyclists) into one consistent network model. VISUM provides a variety of assignment procedures and 4-stage modelling components which include trip-end based as well as activity based approaches.
 |
| pedestrian crashes |
| PBCAT |
The Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Analysis Tool (PBCAT) is a crash typing software product intended to assist state and local pedestrian/bicycle coordinators, planners and engineers with improving walking and bicycling safety through the development and analysis of a database containing details associated with crashes between motor vehicles and pedestrians or bicyclists. Version 2.1 is now available for
advanced transportation planning functionality
Cube Base is the user interface for the entire Cube system and provides interactive data input and analysis, GIS functionality via ArcGIS, model building and documentation, and scenario development and comparison.Links between the model, the data, and GIS are a single click away, making the development and application of models easy to use. Cube Base allows you to run models developed with Cube Voyager, Cube Cargo, Cube Analyst, Cube Dynasim, Cube Polar, TP+, TRIPS and TRANPLAN.
Peng Wu
Ph.D. candidate
Transportation Technology and Policy Graduate Group Institute of Transportation Studies, the University of California, Davis
November 2006
Abstract
There are increasing requirements on the efficiency and accuracy of vehicular emission modeling due to significant contribution of the transportation sector to air quality problems. Because the essential component (i.e. ransportation activities) of vehicular emission modeling is inherently spatially dependent, this study aims to move the existing oldfashioned Direct Travel Impact Model (DTIM), the Californiaspecific transportationrelated emission inventory estimation model, towards a GISbased model. The strengths of ArcGIS in data management, spatial analysis, and raster modeling are incorporated into three critical steps of emission modeling: disaggregating zonal travel activities (i.e. interzonal trip ends and intrazonal travels), combining travel activities (i.e. speeds and VMT) and emission factors, and gridding emissions into cells. This GISbased method can promote an integrated transportation and air quality analysis. This proposed method was used to estimate vehicular emissions in the San Joaquin Valley, California.
In addition to conducting research, HSIS resources are also used to develop products that can be used by practitioners in the analysis of safety problems.
HWA GIS Safety Analysis Tools v.4.0
Computerized crash analysis systems in which crash data, roadway inventory data, and traffic operations data can be merged are used in many state and municipalities to identify problem locations and assess the effectiveness of implemented countermeasures. By integrating this traditional system with a geographical information system (GIS), which offers spatial referencing capabilities and graphical displays, a more effective crash analysis program can be realized. The analysis tools include five separate programs to evaluate crashes:
- Spot/Intersection Analysis
- Strip Analysis
- Cluster Analysis
- Sliding-Scale Analysis
- Corridor Analysis
A cooperative venture of the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission and the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
Environmental Geospatial Information for Transportation
A Peer Exchange
May 3-4, 2006 Washington, D.C.
Edited by ELIZABETH HARPER
for the Transportation Research Board
Spatial Data and Information Science Committee and Ecology and Transportation Task Force
This webpage is a gateway to numerous GIS transportation applications currently being employed across the nation.
Each application in the State and Local GIS Practices Index provides the following information: GIS practice title, "subject area" of Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) responsibility, state, city, contact information, and a brief description of the practice. Contact information is provided so that you may directly contact your colleagues and learn more about the ways they are implementing GIS in transportation activities. Additional State DOT contacts who work in GIS are available on the GIS-T website.
The purpose of the GIS in Transportation site is to:
* Highlight noteworthy practices and innovative uses of transportation GIS;
* Announce opportunities for sharing information and experiences with GIS such as conferences, meetings, and peer exchanges;
* Highlight Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) GIS applications;
* Provide access to resources such as reports, spatial data, and GIS training opportunities; and
* Offer contact information for GIS experts at FHWA and in the field.
Title
Cars Not Geography: Job Accessibility and Reconceptualizing Spatial Mismatch in Detroit
Author Joe Grengs
Abstract
Transportation scholars are challenging traditional formulations of the spatial mismatch hypothesis because it disregards the considerable difference between travel modes. This case study of the Detroit metropolitan region uses 2000 census data and a gravity-based model of transportation accessibility to test differences in jobs access among places and people, and provides support for recent calls for reconceptualizing spatial mismatch. It shows that even though Detroit experiences the greatest distance between blacks and jobs of any region in the country, most central-city neighborhoods offer an advantage in accessibility to jobs compared to most other places in the metropolitan region - as long as a resident has a car. Policies aimed at helping carless people gain access to automobiles may be an effective means of improving the employment outcomes of inner-city residents.
Transportation professionals increasingly rely on geographic information systems to manage equipment and infrastructure.
Whether it's monitoring train locations, tracking flight paths and noise levels, planning for highway maintenance, or improving bus routes, GIS helps private organizations and public agencies improve safety and reduce costs. Transportation GIS presents a dozen fascinating case studies from the following organizations, which use GIS in a wide range of transportation planning and management activities:
* New York State Department of Transportation
* Spokane Transit Authority
* Korea Road Traffic Information Centre
* Conrail
* Missouri Department of Transportation
* Orange County Transportation Authority
* Southern California Association of Governments
* Virginia Department of Transportation
* Tri-County Commuter Rail Authority
* Road Commission for Oakland County
* Metropolitan Airports Commission
* City of San Leandro, California
This richly illustrated volume is an excellent introduction to GIS in the transportation industry. Its easy-to-read style and relevant case studies will appeal to industry professionals, students, and lay people alike.
Air Rights: a teaching laboratory for an integrated land use and transportation planning course
| uthor Info |
Kevin Krizek
David Levinson (liame2('edu','umn','m7i7','dlevinson')dlevinson@umn.edu) (Nexus (Networks, Economics, and Urban Systems) Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota)
Additional information is available for the following registered author(s):
| Abstract |
The intersection of land use and transportation policy is becoming an increasingly important focus for all urban planners. This focus, however, challenges the academic community to design effective courses that teach the concepts and professional skills required for professional experience. Integrated land use and transportation courses should engage students to develop interdisciplinary skills while becoming familiar with, for example, travel behavior and zoning policies. Laboratory courses (or segments of courses) as part of graduate curricula provide platforms to further emphasize skills. A common pedagogy problem is devising laboratory assignments that are integrative, cumulative, practical, and interesting for students. Furthermore, laboratory projects should introduce students to real-world problems and techniques while exploring broad planning themes. This paper presents uses four years of laboratory segments from a land use-transportation course (LUTC) at the University of Minnesota to evaluate the needs and results of practitioner-oriented land use and transportation planning education. The laboratory used group projects where students proposed integrated developments using air rights above existing (and sunken) urban freeways in the Twin Cities. The projects provided a practitioner-oriented project through a collaborative and reflexive learning process. This article describes the completed projects, as well as the technical skills, integrated approach and visionary planning necessary for successful execution. The students addressed complicated problems associated with large-scale development by researching neighborhood demographics, characteristics, and pertinent regulations. They used their research to analyze traffic impacts, propose zoning regulations, and outline costs and benefits from their proposal using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), statistical analyses, assessor data and traffic engineering manuals. Using the completed student projects and comparisons with other land use-transportation course and laboratory projects the authors demonstrate how these laboratory components serve multiple pedagogy goals.
DOI: 10.1177/08854129922092405
© 1999 SAGE Publications
Evaluating the Effects of GIS Technology: Review of Methods
Zorica Nedovic-Budic
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Illinois-Urbana
Geographic information systems (GISs) are being introduced into many planning agencies in the United States and abroad. Urban planners find GISs to be effective tools that can help with information management, processing, dissemination, and communication. Yet, initial evidence on the implementation of GIS technology in local governments and planning agencies points to difficulties in getting the systems established and in realizing expected benefits. Technological, database, and organizational factors make it most challenging to get a GIS to fit and adapt to the needs of planning practice. The main sources of evidence to guide the mutual adjustment between GIS technology and planning are evaluative studies of existing systems that examine how these GISs affect planning processes and functions. To date, these studies are scarce. To promote and facilitate assessment of GIS technology in the planning context, this article reviews the frameworks, methods, and criteria that are employed in the fields of organizational studies, information management, and decision support systems.
Author: Thill J.-C.1
Source: Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Volume 8, Number 1, February 2000 , pp. 3-12(10)
Publisher: Elsevier
Library Holdings: This item is not owned by Columbia University. You may request this item through the gateway unless restricted by copyright holder or delivery fee exceeds limit.
Abstract:
The late 1980s saw the first widespread use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in transportation research and management. Due to the specific requirements of transportation applications and of the rather late adoption of this information technology in transportation, research has been directed toward enhancing existing GIS approaches to enable the full range of capabilities needed in transportation research and management. This paper places the concept of transportation GIS in the broader perspective of research in GIS and Geographic Information Science. The emphasis is placed on the requirements specific of the transportation domain of application of this emerging information technology as well as on core research challenges.
Keywords: GIS-T; Geographic information systems
Language: English
Document Type: Research article
DOI: 10.1016/S0968-090X(00)00029-2
Affiliations: 1: Department of Geography and National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, State University of New York at Buffalo, , NY 14261, Buffalo, USA
Title: Geographic information systems for transportation : principles and applications / Harvey J. Miller, Shih-Lung Shaw.
Physical Description: xi, 458 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.
Series: Spatial information systems
LC Subjects: Transportation --United States --Planning.
Transportation --Europe --Planning.
Transportation --Japan --Planning.
Geographic information systems --United States.
Geographic information systems --Europe.
Geographic information systems --Japan.
Material Type: Book
Location (guide): Business
Call Number: HE206.2 .M55 2001
Status: Not checked out
Integrating Transportation and Geographic Information Systems: A Problem-solving Approach
Authors
Becky P.Y. Loo, P.C. Lai and Hui Lin
Executive Summary
This book (approximately 800 pages) aims to integrate transportation knowledge with geographic information systems (GIS) in Hong Kong. The major problem encountered by the transportation and GIS students is that the former find the use of GIS software difficult and the latter do not fully understand the transportation model and algorithms underlying the GIS software. This teaching package allows both groups of students to integrate some basic models and theories of transportation, and the applications of GIS in transportation (GIS-T).
This book is supplemented with a CD-ROM containing the data required for the use of the applications. A Questions and Answers Handbook (approximately 32 pages) will also be provided to proven course or training providers.
DOI: 10.1177/0739456X9301200302
© 1993 Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning
Locational Models, Geographic Information and Planning Support Systems
Britton Harris
Michael Batty
Geographic information systems (GIS) are becoming widespread in management and planning, affecting the very organization and operation of the planning process itself. In this paper we address the problems and potential of such systems, particularly in relation to the analytical, predictive, and prescriptive models on which strategic planning processes are based. Current GIS are not rooted in the sorts of functions which drive these processes and here we will identify the difficulties and possibilities for developing more appropriate GIS which are sensitive to the simulation, optimization, and design activities which define spatial planning. To this end we will describe the development of planning support systems (PSS) in which a wide array of data, information, and knowledge might be structured, and within which GIS develop ment must take place. We will identify the sorts of urban system and locational models which characterize strategic planning and whose data-demands might be accommodated using GIS. Our critique of GIS is positive and constructive in that we are concerned to embed GIS into planning processes in the most appropriate way. In conclusion we will identify a series of requirements which PSS must meet.
DOI: 10.1177/0739456X04267731
© 2005 Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning
Teaching Integrated Land Use-Transportation Planning
Topics, Readings, and Strategies
Kevin Krizek
University of Minnesota
David Levinson
University of Minnesota
Planning pedagogy is increasingly focused on teaching interdisciplinary topics in an integrated and synergistic manner. The intersection of land use and transportation is that of two topics that have risen to be front and center for the planning profession. This article focuses on the manner in which planning programs and, in particular, specific courses address land use and transportation planning. After describing the context in which such courses exist, this article analyzes syllabi from fifteen courses in North American planning programs in two respects. The first examines the list of topics covered within each course by discussing the nature of primary, secondary, and peripheral topics. Second, the analysis uncovers the frequency with which specific readings are employed in each course. The article closes by discussing the nature of a land use-transportation course from the University of Minnesota in which there is a lecture and laboratory component.
Key Words: transportation planning • land use planning • teaching • interdisciplinary • pedagogy
DOI: 10.1177/0739456X9701700106
© 1997 Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning
Common Ground for Integrating Planning Theory and GIS Topics
Ann-Margaret Esnard
Department of city and regional planning Cornell University, Ithaca, New Yorkame7@cornell.edu.
E. Bruce MacDougall
Department of landscape architecture and regionalplanning, University of Massachusetes, Amherstebm@1arp.umass.edu.
The basic premise of this article is that planning theory and geographic information systems (GIS) course topics should be integrated in the planning curriculum. The increased use of GIS technology for informing planning and public policy decision making is discussed in the first section, followed by a summary of related technical and theoretical disparities. The concept of links is then introduced and used in the final section to demonstrate the contexts in which common themes can be identified for integrating planning norms (ethics, values, communicative rationality, planning process, and context) and GIS methods (data creation, analysis, and presentation).
DOI: 10.1177/0739456X9501400405
© 1995 Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning
Other
Extending the Revolution: Teaching Land Use Planning in a GIS Environment
William J. Drummond
For planning educators the ultimate worth of the GIS revolution will be measured not by the number of new GIS courses offered, but by the integration of GIS technology into the traditional, substantive areas of planning. In the field of land use planning this integration remains in its infancy. The article suggests a general, modular approach for the incorporation of GIS technology into land use planning course work, using a combination of GIS, database, and spreadsheet software. Numerous specific examples are provided, including major applicauons in data collection, preliminary analysis, plan formulation, and plan evaluation.